
Section 498A Lawyers in Chandigarh
As firm adherents to the pursuit of justice, we at SimranLaw, remain tenaciously committed to safeguarding the rights and liberties of our illustrious clientele. Our distinct standing as a preeminent law firm, navigating the labyrinthine realm of criminal litigation, has equipped us with a vast expanse of experience and proficiency, particularly as Section 498A lawyers in Chandigarh. In this legal arena, our unwavering dedication empowers us to deliver robust, potent, and effective representation to our clients.
Section 498A, integrated into the Indian Penal Code, 1860 (IPC), manifests as a significant legal provision, designed specifically to combat the pervasive social blight of cruelty and harassment endured by married women at the hands of their husbands or their husbands’ relatives. Ever since its introduction in 1983, the provision has been the epicenter of substantial debate and contention due to its perceived misuse by individuals with malevolent intentions to settle personal grievances or exact revenge upon their marital partners. Despite such controversies, the indispensable role of Section 498A as a bulwark protecting married women from cruelty and harassment remains unquestionable. As proficient Section 498A lawyers in Chandigarh, we recognize the imperative to tread the intricate and nuanced landscape of this practice area with tact, perseverance, and professionalism.
Exhibiting our prowess as legal practitioners in the realm of Section 498A law, we extend a comprehensive array of legal services, including instigating criminal proceedings against the accused, representing the aggrieved party before the appropriate judicial authority, and offering support and assistance throughout the investigation, trial, and adjudication processes. Our legal team, as experienced Section 498A lawyers in Chandigarh, is well-versed in the intricacies of the Section 498A jurisprudence and is proficiently equipped to guide our clients through the convoluted and often daunting terrain of the criminal justice system, thus securing the most favorable and swift legal resolution possible.
In the meticulous construction of a compelling case under Section 498A, we as seasoned Section 498A lawyers in Chandigarh, execute a detailed and comprehensive analysis of the case facts, the severity and nature of the alleged cruelty and harassment, the accused’s history and character, the repercussions of the alleged actions on the mental and physical welfare of the aggrieved party, and any other contributory factors influencing the prosecution and adjudication of the offence. Our adeptness in formulating persuasive legal arguments, fortified by relevant judicial precedents and legal provisions, enables us to present our client’s case convincingly before the judicial authority and to counter the assertions of the opposing counsel effectively.
It is crucial to underscore that the offence under Section 498A IPC is a cognizable, non-bailable, and non-compoundable offence, carrying severe repercussions for the accused, including the potential for arrest without warrant, denial of bail, and the imposition of a rigorous imprisonment term of up to three years, alongside a financial penalty. As competent Section 498A lawyers in Chandigarh, it is essential for us to have an extensive and in-depth understanding of the procedural and substantive aspects of the law, and be prepared to interact with the various stakeholders involved in the criminal justice process, including the police, the public prosecutor, medical and forensic experts, and the judiciary.
Beyond the aforementioned legal services, we, as your trusted Section 498A lawyers in Chandigarh, also extend our support in matters related to initiating parallel civil proceedings, such as filing for maintenance under Section 125 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, or initiating proceedings for dissolution of marriage or the grant of a decree of judicial separation under the applicable personal law. We ensure transparent and open communication with our clients, updating them at every stage of their case progress and equipping them with the essential knowledge and information to make informed decisions that best serve their welfare and well-being.
At SimranLaw, we acknowledge the complexities and challenges inherent in the practice of Section 498A law in India, not least due to the sensitive nature of the subject matter, the intricate interplay of socio-cultural factors, and the deeply entrenched patriarchal norms that often obstruct the path to justice. As committed Section 498A lawyers in Chandigarh, our legal team is dedicated to maintaining the highest standards of legal professionalism and ethical conduct in our engagement with this practice area, ensuring that principles of justice, fair play, and the rule of law are upheld at every stage of the proceedings.
In order to excel in the Section 498A law practice area, it is incumbent upon the legal practitioner, especially us, as seasoned Section 498A lawyers in Chandigarh, to foster a profound appreciation of the philosophical foundations of the law, and refine the skills of legal analysis, research, and advocacy that are vital for success in this demanding field. Our legal team is committed to staying abreast of the latest jurisprudence developments, engaging in a continuous process of learning, reflection, and self-improvement, and assimilating the insights and wisdom gleaned from the vast corpus of judicial decisions that have shaped and informed the principles applicable to Section 498A IPC.
In conclusion, practicing Section 498A law in India presents both a formidable challenge and an immense opportunity for legal practitioners to contribute to the development and evolution of jurisprudence, and to play a pivotal role in the administration of justice. At SimranLaw, as dedicated Section 498A lawyers in Chandigarh, we are committed to providing our clients with the most comprehensive, effective, and empathetic legal representation in the domain of Section 498A law, continually striving for the acquisition and assimilation of knowledge, expertise, and excellence in our chosen field. Our unwavering commitment to the pursuit of justice and the protection of the rights and liberties of our clients is the cornerstone of our practice, and we remain steadfast in our endeavor to uphold the highest standards of legal professionalism and ethical conduct in our pursuit of these cherished objectives.
About Section 498a Law
Under the broad umbrella of the Indian Penal Code (IPC), Section 498a occupies a contentious, yet critical, position as it addresses the grave offense of cruelty inflicted upon a woman by her husband or his kin. This specific section, though encumbered by several controversies primarily concerning its alleged misuse in some circumstances, holds considerable import in the intricate Indian legal framework. As Section 498A lawyers in Chandigarh, the task before us is to elucidate and navigate the labyrinthine intricacies of Section 498a, encompassing its associated laws, regulations, and their practical implications within the multifaceted system of Indian jurisprudence.
The explicit text of IPC’s Section 498a articulates, “Whoever, being the husband or the relative of the husband of a woman, subjects such woman to cruelty shall be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to three years and shall also be liable to fine.” A comprehensive understanding of “cruelty” in this context, as clarified by Section 498A lawyers in Chandigarh, necessitates acknowledging both physical and mental harassment inflicted upon the woman by her spouse or his relatives.
Recently, a palpable surge in concerns surrounding the purported misuse of Section 498a has been observed, with women allegedly leveraging this provision to unjustly accuse their husbands and their kin in instances of domestic violence. Responding to these apprehensions, the Indian government introduced multiple amendments to Section 498a. Furthermore, as Section 498A lawyers in Chandigarh can attest, they also enacted the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005, aiming to add another layer of security for women.
Amendments to Section 498a brought about a significant paradigm shift, with the insertion of a new clause mandating a thorough police investigation preceding the arrest of the accused. This innovative clause, as Section 498A lawyers in Chandigarh would elucidate, was a countermeasure to prevent arbitrary arrests and detention, often exploited as harassment tools. A subsequent amendment introduced a provision, rendering a false complaint under Section 498a a punishable offense, aiming to prevent vindictive misuse of the section by women to settle personal grudges with their husbands and relatives.
Apart from the amendments to Section 498a, the Indian government, in its endeavor to provide comprehensive legal remedies to victims of domestic violence, enacted the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005. As per Section 498A lawyers in Chandigarh, this act broadened the definition of domestic violence and established specialized courts for expedited disposal of related cases.
Nevertheless, despite the amendments and the introduction of the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005, the widespread perception of misuse of Section 498a persists. Section 498A lawyers in Chandigarh frequently encounter this sentiment, leading to calls for further reforms, such as mediation and counseling provisions, to resolve disputes between spouses and their families.
Practical implementation of Section 498a presents a multitude of challenges. Allegations of bias and corruption levied against the police in their handling of cases under this section, coupled with criticism towards the courts for their slow pace in disposing of these cases, create a difficult environment. As Section 498A lawyers in Chandigarh, the responsibility to navigate these challenges, ensuring justice, and safeguarding our clients’ rights within the principles of justice and fairness in the legal system, rests on our shoulders.
In conclusion, Section 498a of the IPC, despite being embroiled in controversy, is an indispensable legislative provision in India, dealing with the offense of cruelty against women by their husbands or relatives. As Section 498A lawyers in Chandigarh, we are duty-bound to ensure that our clients’ rights are protected and justice is served. The amendments to Section 498a and the introduction of the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005, have undoubtedly brought about significant changes to the legal landscape in India. As Section 498A lawyers in Chandigarh, it is our solemn responsibility to navigate these complexities, ensuring that the rights of our clients are protected, and justice is served in cases under Section 498a, thereby upholding the principles of justice and fairness in the Indian legal system.
Anticipatory Bail under Section 498A:
- Gurbaksh Singh Sibbia v. State of Punjab (1980) – The Supreme Court held that anticipatory bail should not be refused to persons accused under Section 498A as a matter of routine, and that the court must exercise its discretion based on the specific facts of each case.
- Siddharam Satlingappa Mhetre v. State of Maharashtra (2011) – The Supreme Court emphasized that personal liberty is a fundamental right, and the Court should grant anticipatory bail based on the nature and gravity of the accusation, the antecedents of the applicant, and the possibility of the applicant fleeing from justice.
- Preeti Gupta v. State of Jharkhand (2010) – The Supreme Court observed that a large number of false cases under Section 498A were being filed, and stressed the need for caution when considering anticipatory bail applications in such cases.
- Munish Bhasin v. State (2009) – The Delhi High Court held that when a husband is granted anticipatory bail in a Section 498A case, the other family members should also be granted anticipatory bail if they are similarly situated and no specific allegations are made against them.
- Lal Kamlendra Pratap Singh v. State of Uttar Pradesh (2009) – The Supreme Court held that anticipatory bail should not be denied merely because the allegations in the FIR are serious or heinous.
Regular Bail under Section 498A:
- Rajesh Sharma v. State of Uttar Pradesh (2017) – The Supreme Court provided guidelines for dealing with complaints under Section 498A, including that bail applications should be decided expeditiously and that the accused should not be arrested without proper investigation.
- Arnesh Kumar v. State of Bihar (2014) – The Supreme Court held that the police should not automatically arrest the accused in cases under Section 498A, and that the decision to arrest should be made on a case-by-case basis, considering the need to protect the rights and liberties of the accused.
- Bhaskar Lal Sharma v. Monica (2009) – The Delhi High Court held that the accused should be granted bail if the court is satisfied that there is no reasonable ground to believe that the accused has committed the alleged offence and that the accused is not likely to abscond or tamper with evidence.
- Joginder Kumar v. State of Uttar Pradesh (1994) – The Supreme Court held that arrest and detention in custody should not be made merely on the basis of allegations in the FIR, and that the decision to arrest should be based on the need to prevent the accused from committing further offences, tampering with evidence, or absconding.
- R. P. Kapur v. State of Punjab (1960) – The Supreme Court held that in granting bail, the court should consider factors such as the nature and seriousness of the offence, the character of the accused, the likelihood of the accused fleeing from justice, and the danger of the accused tampering with evidence.
Quashing of FIR under Section 498A:
- Rajiv Thapar v. Madan Lal Kapoor (2013) – The Supreme Court held that the High Court can quash an FIR under Section 498A if it is satisfied that the allegations in the FIR do not constitute a cognizable offence or that the allegations are so absurd and inherently improbable that no prudent person can ever reach a just conclusion that there is sufficient ground for proceeding against the accused.
- Geeta Mehrotra v. State of Uttar Pradesh (2012) – The Supreme Court held that vague and general allegations against distant relatives of the husband should not be taken at face value, and that the High Court should exercise its power to quash the FIR in such cases.
- Preeti Gupta v. State of Jharkhand (2010) – The Supreme Court held that the High Court can quash an FIR under Section 498A if the allegations are found to be prima facie false, frivolous, or vexatious.
- Bhajan Lal v. State of Haryana (1992) – The Supreme Court provided guidelines for the exercise of the High Court’s power to quash FIRs, including that the power should be exercised sparingly and with circumspection, and only in cases where the allegations in the FIR do not disclose the commission of a cognizable offence or are so improbable that they cannot be taken seriously.
- Ramesh Kumar v. State of Haryana (1990) – The Supreme Court held that the High Court can quash an FIR under Section 498A if the allegations in the FIR, even if true, do not disclose the commission of a cognizable offence.
- State of Haryana v. Bhajan Lal (1990) – The Supreme Court held that the High Court can quash an FIR under Section 498A if it is satisfied that the FIR has been lodged with an ulterior motive or for wreaking vengeance on the accused.
- Madhavrao Jiwajirao Scindia v. Sambhajirao Chandrojirao Angre (1988) – The Supreme Court held that the High Court can quash an FIR under Section 498A if the allegations in the FIR are so improbable and absurd that their falsity is apparent on the face of the record.
- State of Karnataka v. L. Muniswamy (1977) – The Supreme Court held that the High Court can quash an FIR under Section 498A if it is satisfied that the prosecution is bound to fail and that continuing the prosecution would be an abuse of the process of the court.
- R. P. Kapur v. State of Punjab (1960) – The Supreme Court held that the High Court can quash an FIR under Section 498A if it is satisfied that the allegations in the FIR are so improbable and inherently incredible that they cannot be taken seriously.
- G. Sagar Suri v. State of Uttar Pradesh (2000) – The Supreme Court held that the High Court can quash an FIR under Section 498A if it is satisfied that the allegations in the FIR are baseless, malicious, or actuated by personal vendetta.
- Shiji @ Pappu v. Radhika (2011) – The Supreme Court held that the High Court can quash an FIR under Section 498A if the allegations in the FIR are bereft of any prima facie material to support the allegations and the continuation of the proceedings would be an abuse of the process of the court.
- Vinay Tyagi v. Irshad Ali (2013) – The Supreme Court held that the High Court can quash an FIR under Section 498A if it is satisfied that the allegations in the FIR are so vague and general that they do not disclose the commission of a cognizable offence.
- Narinder Singh v. State of Punjab (2014) – The Supreme Court held that the High Court can quash an FIR under Section 498A if it is satisfied that the dispute between the parties is of a personal nature and does not involve any serious offence that would warrant continuation of the criminal proceedings.
- Parbatbhai Aahir v. State of Gujarat (2017) – The Supreme Court held that the High Court can quash an FIR under Section 498A if it is satisfied that the settlement between the parties is genuine, voluntary, and that the continuation of the criminal proceedings would not serve any purpose.
- Kamal Shivaji Pokarnekar v. State of Maharashtra (2018) – The Supreme Court held that the High Court can quash an FIR under Section 498A if it is satisfied that the allegations in the FIR are false and have been made with the sole intention of harassing the accused and that the continuation of the criminal proceedings would be an abuse of the process of the court.These case laws and judgments have significantly shaped the jurisprudence on anticipatory bail, regular bail, and quashing of FIR under Section 498A in India. It is crucial for legal practitioners to be well-versed in these when they take such critical matter.
Important provisions of IPC in context of anticipatory bail:
Chapter IV | General Exceptions |
Section 76 | Act done by a person bound, or by mistake of fact believing himself bound, by law |
Section 77 | Act of Judge when acting judicially |
Section 78 | Act done pursuant to the judgment or order of Court |
Section 79 | Act done by a person justified, or by mistake of fact believing himself justified, by law |
Section 80 | Accident in doing a lawful act |
Section 81 | Act likely to cause harm, but done without criminal intent, and to prevent other harm |
Section 82 | Act of a child under seven years of age |
Section 83 | Act of a child above seven and under twelve of immature understanding |
Section 84 | Act of a person of-unsound mind |
Section 85 | Act of a person incapable of judgment by reason of intoxication caused against his will |
Section 86 | Offence requiring a particular intent or knowledge committed by one who is intoxicated |
Section 87 | Act not intended and not known to be likely to cause death or grievous hurt, done by consent |
Section 88 | Act not intended to cause death, done by consent in good faith for person’s benefit |
Section 89 | Act done in good faith for benefit of child or insane person, by or by consent of guardian |
Section 90 | Consent known to be given under fear or misconception |
Section 91 | Exclusion of acts which are offences independently of harm caused |
Section 92 | Act done in good faith for benefit of a person without consent |
Section 93 | Communication made in good faith |
Section 94 | Act to which a person is compelled by threats |
Section 95 | Act causing slight harm |
Section 96 | Things done in private defense |
Section 97 | Right of private defense of the body and of property |
Section 98 | Right of private defense against the act of a person of unsound mind, etc. |
Section 99 | Acts against which there is no right of private defense |
Section 100 | When the right of private defense of the body extends to causing death |
Section 101 | When such right extends to causing any harm other than death |
Section 102 | Commencement and continuance of the right of private defense of the body |
Section 103 | When the right of private defense of property extends to causing death |
Section 104 | When such right extends to causing any harm other than death |
Section 105 | Commencement and continuance of the right of private defense of property |
Section 106 | Right of private defense against deadly assault when there is risk of harm to innocent person |
Chapter V | Of Abetment |
Section 107 | Abetment of a thing |
Section 108 | Abettor |
Section 108A | Abetment in India of offences outside India |
Section 109 | Punishment of abetment if the act abetted is committed in consequence, and where no express provision is made for its punishment |
Section 110 | Punishment of abetment if person abetted does act with different intention from that of abettor |
Section 111 | Liability of abettor when one act abetted and different act done |
Section 112 | Abettor when liable to cumulative punishment for act abetted and for act done |
Section 113 | Liability of abettor for an effect caused by the act abetted different from that intended by the abettor |
Section 114 | Abettor present when offence is committed |
Section 115 | Abetment of offence punishable with death or imprisonment for life-if offence not committed |
Section 116 | Abetment of offence punishable with imprisonment-if offence be not committed |
Section 117 | Abetting commission of offence by the public or by more than ten persons |
Section 118 | Concealing design to commit offence punishable with death or imprisonment for life |
Section 119 | Public servant concealing design to commit offence which it is his duty to prevent |
Section 120 | Concealing design to commit offence punishable with imprisonment |
Chapter V | A Criminal Conspiracy |
Section 120A | Definition of criminal conspiracy |
Section 120B | Punishment of criminal conspiracy |
Chapter VI | Of Offences Against The State |
Section 121 | Waging, or attempting to wage war, or abetting waging of war, against the Government of India |
Section 121A | Conspiracy to commit offences punishable by section 121 |
Section 122 | Collecting arms, etc., with intention of waging war against the Government of India |
Section 123 | Concealing with intent to facilitate design to wage war |
Section 124 | Assaulting President, Governor, etc., with intent to compel or restrain the exercise of any lawful power |
Section 124A | Sedition |
Section 125 | Waging war against any Asiatic Power in alliance with the Government of India |
Section 126 | Committing depredation on territories of Power at peace with the Government of India |
Section 127 | Receiving property taken by war on depredation mentioned in sections 125 and 126- |
Section 128 | Public servant voluntarily allowing prisoner of State or war to escape |
Section 129 | Public servant negligently suffering such prisoner to escape |
Section 130 | Aiding escape of, rescuing or harboring such prisoner |
Chapter VII | Of Offences Relating To The Army ,74[Navy And Air Force] |
Section 131 | Abetting mutiny, or attempting to seduce a soldier, sailor or airman from his duty |
Section 132 | Abetment of mutiny, if mutiny is committed in consequence thereof |
Section 133 | Abetment of assault by soldier, sailor or airman on his superior officer, when in execution of his office |
Section 134 | Abetment of such assault, if the assault is committed |
Section 135 | Abetment of desertion of soldier, sailor or airman |
Section 136 | Harboring deserter |
Section 137 | Deserter concealed on board merchant vessel through negligence of master |
Section 138 | Abetment of act of insubordination by soldier, sailor or airman |
Section 138A | [Titled Application of foregoing sections to the Indian Marine Service repealed by the Amending Act, 1934 (35 of 1934)] |
Section 139 | Persons subject to certain Acts |
Section 140 | Wearing garb or carrying token used by soldier, sailor or airman |
Chapter VIII | Of Offences Against The Public Tranquillity |
Section 141 | Unlawful assembly |
Section 142 | Being member of unlawful assembly |
Section 143 | Punishment |
Section 144 | Joining unlawful assembly armed with deadly weapon |
Section 145 | Joining or continuing in unlawful assembly, knowing it has been commanded to disperse |
Section 146 | Rioting |
Section 147 | Punishment for rioting |
Section 148 | Rioting, armed with deadly weapon |
Section 149 | Every member of unlawful assembly guilty of offence committed in prosecution of common object |
Section 150 | Hiring, or conniving at hiring, of persons to join unlawful assembly |
Section 151 | Knowingly joining or continuing in assembly of five or more persons after it has been commanded to disperse |
Section 152 | Assaulting or obstructing public servant when suppressing riot, etc. |
Section 153 | Wantonly giving provocation with intent to cause riot-if rioting be committed-if not committed |
Section 153A | Promoting enmity between different groups on grounds of religion, race, place of birth, residence, language, etc., and doing acts prejudicial to maintenance of harmony |
Section 153B | Imputations, assertions prejudicial to national-integration |
Section 154 | Owner or occupier of land on which an unlawful assembly is held |
Section 155 | Liability of person for whose benefit riot is committed |
Section 156 | Liability of agent of owner or occupier for whose benefit riot is committed |
Section 157 | Harboring persons hired for an unlawful assembly |
Section 158 | Being hired to take part in an unlawful assembly or riot |
Section 159 | Affray |
Section 160 | Punishment for committing affray |
Chapter IX | Of Offences By Or Relating To Public Servants |
Section 161 | [To 165A. repealed by the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 (49 of 1988)] |
Section 166 | Public servant disobeying law, with intent to cause injury to any person |
Section 167 | Public servant framing an incorrect document with intent to cause injury |
Section 168 | Public servant unlawfully engaging in trade |
Section 169 | Public servant unlawfully buying or bidding for property |
Section 170 | Personating a public servant |
Section 171 | Wearing garb or carrying token used by public servant with fraudulent intent |
Chapter IXA | Of Offences Relating To Elections |
Section 171A | Candidate, Electoral right defined |
Section 171B | Bribery |
Section 171C | Undue influence at elections |
Section 171D | Personation at elections |
Section 171E | Punishment for bribery |
Section 171F | Punishment for undue influence or personation at an election |
Section 171G | False statement in connection with an election |
Section 171H | Illegal payments in connection with an election |
Section 171I | Failure to keep election accounts |
Chapter X | Of Contempts Of The Lawful Authority Of Public Servants |
Section 172 | Absconding to avoid service of summons or other proceeding |
Section 173 | Preventing service of summons or other proceeding, or preventing publication thereof |
Section 174 | Non-attendance in obedience to an order from public servant |
Section 175 | Omission to produce document to public servant by person legally bound to produce it |
Section 176 | Omission to give notice or information to public servant by person legally bound to give it |
Section 177 | Furnishing false information |
Section 178 | Refusing oath or affirmation when duly required by public servant to make it |
Section 179 | Refusing to answer public servant authorized to question |
Section 180 | Refusing to sign statement |
Section 181 | False statement on oath or affirmation to public servant or person authorized to administer an oath or affirmation |
Section 182 | False information, with intent to cause public servant to use his lawful power to the injury of another person |
Section 183 | Resistance to the taking of property by the lawful authority of a public servant |
Section 184 | Obstructing sale of property offered for sale by authority of public servant |
Section 185 | Illegal purchase or bid for property offered for sale by authority of public servant |
Section 186 | Obstructing public servant in discharge of public functions |
Section 187 | Omission to assist public servant when bound by law to give assistance |
Section 188 | Disobedience to order duly promulgated by public servant |
Section 189 | Threat of injury to public servant |
Section 190 | Threat of injury to induce person to refrain from applying for protection to public servant |
Chapter XI | Of False Evidence And Offences Against Public Justice |
Section 191 | Giving false evidence |
Section 192 | Fabricating false evidence |
Section 193 | Punishment for false evidence |
Section 194 | Giving or fabricating false evidence with intent to procure conviction of capital offence |
Section 195 | Giving or fabricating false evidence with intent to procure conviction of offence punishable with imprisonment for life or imprisonment |
Section 196 | Using evidence known to be false |
Section 197 | Issuing or signing false certificate |
Section 198 | Using as true a certificate known to be false |
Section 199 | False statement made in declaration which is by law receivable as evidence |
Section 200 | Using as true such declaration knowing it to be false |
Section 201 | Causing disappearance of evidence of offence, or giving false information to screen offender |
Section 202 | Intentional omission to give information of offence by person bound to inform |
Section 203 | Giving false information respecting an offence committed |
Section 204 | Destruction of document to prevent its production as evidence |
Section 205 | False personation for purpose of act or proceeding in suit or prosecution |
Section 206 | Fraudulent removal or concealment of property to prevent its seizure as forfeited or in execution |
Section 207 | Fraudulent claim to property to prevent its seizure as forfeited or in execution |
Section 208 | Fraudulently suffering decree for sum not due |
Section 209 | Dishonestly making false claim in Court |
Section 210 | Fraudulently obtaining decree for sum not due |
Section 211 | False charge of offence made with intent to injure |
Section 212 | Harboring offender |
Section 213 | Taking gift, etc., to screen an offender from punishment |
Section 214 | Offering gift or restoration of property in consideration of screening offender |
Section 215 | Taking gift to help to recover stolen property, etc |
Section 216 | Harboring offender who has escaped from custody or whose apprehension has been ordered |
Section 216A | Penalty for harboring robbers or dacoits |
Section 216B | [Definition of harbor in sections 212, 216 and 216A: Repealed by the Indian Penal Code (Amendment) Act, 1942 (8 of 1942)] |
Section 217 | Public servant disobeying direction of law with intent to save person from punishment or property from forfeiture |
Section 218 | Public servant framing incorrect record or writing with intent to save person from punishment or property from forfeiture |
Section 219 | Public servant in judicial proceeding corruptly making report, etc., contrary to law |
Section 220 | Commitment for trial or confinement by person having authority who knows that he is acting contrary to law |
Section 221 | Intentional omission to apprehend on the part of public servant bound to apprehend |
Section 222 | Intentional omission to apprehend on the part of public servant bound to apprehend person under sentence or lawfully committed |
Section 223 | Escape from confinement or custody negligently suffered by public servant |
Section 224 | Resistance or obstruction by a person to his lawful apprehension |
Section 225 | Resistance or obstruction to lawful apprehension of another person |
Section 225A | Omission to apprehend, or sufferance of escape, on part of public servant, in cases not otherwise, provided for |
Section 225B | Resistance or obstruction to lawful apprehension, or escape or rescue in cases not otherwise provided for |
Section 226 | [Unlawful return from transportation: Repealed by the Code of Criminal Procedure (Amendment) Act, 1995, w.e.f. 1st. January, 1956] |
Section 227 | Violation of condition of remission of punishment |
Section 228 | Intentional insult or interruption to public servant sitting in judicial proceeding |
Section 228A | Disclosure of identity of the victim of certain offences etc |
Section 229 | Personation of a juror or assessor |
Chapter XII | Of Offences Relating To Coin And Government Stamps |
Section 230 | Coin defined |
Section 231 | Counterfeiting coin |
Section 232 | Counterfeiting Indian coin |
Section 233 | Making or selling instrument for counterfeiting coin |
Section 234 | Making or selling instrument for counterfeiting Indian coin |
Section 235 | Possession of instrument, or material for the purpose of using the same for counterfeiting coin |
Section 236 | Abetting in India the counterfeiting out of India of coin |
Section 237 | Import or export of counterfeit coin |
Section 238 | Import or export of counterfeits of the India coin |
Section 239 | Delivery of coin, possessed with knowledge that it is counterfeit |
Section 240 | Delivery of Indian coin, possessed with knowledge that it is counterfeit |
Section 241 | Delivery of coin as genuine, which, when first possessed, the deliverer did not know to be counterfeit |
Section 242 | Possession of counterfeit coin by person who knew it to be counterfeit when he became possessed thereof- |
Section 243 | Possession of Indian coin by person who knew it to be counterfeit when he became possessed thereof |
Section 244 | Person employed in mint causing coin to be of different weight or composition from that fixed by law |
Section 245 | Unlawfully taking coining instrument from mint |
Section 246 | Fraudulently or dishonestly diminishing weight or altering composition of coin |
Section 247 | Fraudulently or dishonestly diminishing weight or altering composition of Indian coin |
Section 248 | Altering appearance of coin with intent that it shall pass as coin of different description |
Section 249 | Altering appearance of Indian coin with intent that it shall pass as coin of different description |
Section 250 | Delivery of coin, possessed with knowledge that it is altered |
Section 251 | Delivery of Indian coin, possessed with knowledge that it is altered |
Section 252 | Possession of coin by person who knew it to be altered when he became possessed thereof- |
Section 253 | Possession of Indian coin by person who knew it to be altered when he became possessed thereof- |
Section 254 | Delivery of coin as genuine, which, when first possessed, the deliverer did not know to be altered |
Section 255 | Counterfeiting Government stamp |
Section 256 | Having possession of instrument or material for counterfeiting Government stamp |
Section 257 | Making or selling instrument for counterfeiting Government stamp |
Section 258 | Sale of counterfeit Government stamp |
Section 259 | Having possession of counterfeit Government stamp |
Section 260 | Using as genuine a Government stamp known to be a counterfeit |
Section 261 | Effacing, writing from substance bearing Government stamp, or removing from document a stamp used for it, with intent to cause loss to Government |
Section 262 | Using Government stamp known to have been before used |
Section 263 | Erasure of mark denoting that stamp has been used |
Section 263A | Prohibition of fictitious stamps |
Chapter XIII | Of Offences Relating To Weights And Measures |
Section 264 | Fraudulent use of false instrument for weighing |
Section 265 | Fraudulent use of false weight or measure |
Section 266 | Being in possession of false weight or measure |
Section 267 | Making or selling false weight or measure |
Chapter XIV | Of Offences Affecting The Public Health, Safety, Convenience, Decency And Morals |
Section 268 | Public nuisance Public nuisance |
Section 269 | Negligent act likely to spread infection of disease dangerous to life |
Section 270 | Malignant act likely to spread infection of disease dangerous to life |
Section 271 | Disobedience to quarantine rule |
Section 272 | Adulteration of food or drink intended for sale |
Section 273 | Sale of noxious food or drink |
Section 274 | Adulteration of drugs |
Section 275 | Sale of adulterated drugs |
Section 276 | Sale of drug as a different drug or preparation |
Section 277 | Fouling water of public spring or reservoir |
Section 278 | Making atmosphere noxious to health |
Section 279 | Rash driving or riding on a public way |
Section 280 | Rash navigation of vessel |
Section 281 | Exhibition of false light, mark or buoy |
Section 282 | Conveying person by water for hire in unsafe or overloaded vessel- |
Section 283 | Danger or obstruction in public way or line of navigation |
Section 284 | Negligent conduct with respect to poisonous substance |
Section 285 | Negligent conduct with respect to fire or combustible matter |
Section 286 | Negligent conduct with respect to explosive substance |
Section 287 | Negligent conduct with respect to machinery |
Section 288 | Negligent conduct with respect to pulling down or repairing buildings |
Section 289 | Negligent conduct with respect to animal |
Section 290 | Punishment for public nuisance in cases not otherwise provided for |
Section 291 | Continuance of nuisance after injunction to discontinue |
Section 292 | Sale , etc., of obscene books, etc. |
Section 292A | Printing, etc., of grossly indecent or scurrilous matter or matter intended for blackmail |
Section 293 | Sale , etc., of obscene objects to young person |
Section 294 | Obscene acts and songs |
Section 294A | Keeping lottery office |
Chapter XV | Of Offences Relating To Religion |
Section 295 | Injuring or defiling place of worship with intent to insult the religion of any class |
Section 295A | Deliberate and malicious acts, intended to outrage religious feelings of any class by insulting its religion or religious beliefs |
Section 296 | Disturbing religious assembly |
Section 297 | Trespassing on burial places, etc |
Section 298 | Uttering, words, etc., with deliberate intent to wound the religious feelings of any person- |
Chapter XVI | Of Offences Affecting The Human Body |
Section 299 | Culpable homicide |
Section 300 | Murder |
Section 301 | Culpable homicide by causing death of person other than person whose death was intended |
Section 302 | Punishment for murder |
Section 303 | Punishment for murder by life-convict |
Section 304 | Punishment for culpable homicide not amounting to murder |
Section 304A | Causing death by negligence |
Section 304B | Dowry death |
Section 305 | Abetment of suicide of child or insane person |
Section 306 | Abetment of suicide |
Section 307 | Attempt to murder |
Section 308 | Attempt to commit culpable homicide |
Section 309 | Attempt to commit suicide |
Section 310 | Thug |
Section 311 | Punishment |
Section 312 | Causing miscarriage |
Section 313 | Causing miscarriage without woman’s consent |
Section 314 | Death caused by act done with intent to cause miscarriage |
Section 315 | Act done with intent to prevent child being born alive or to cause it to die after birth |
Section 316 | Causing death of quick unborn child by act amounting to culpable homicide |
Section 317 | Exposure and abandonment of child under twelve years, by parent or person having care of it |
Section 318 | Concealment of birth by secret disposal of dead body |
Section 319 | Hurt |
Section 320 | Grievous hurt |
Section 321 | Voluntarily causing hurt |
Section 322 | Voluntarily causing grievous hurt |
Section 323 | Punishment for voluntarily causing hurt |
Section 324 | Voluntarily causing hurt by dangerous weapons or means |
Section 325 | Punishment for voluntarily causing grievous hurt |
Section 326 | Voluntarily causing grievous hurt by dangerous weapons or means – |
Section 327 | Voluntarily causing hurt to extort property, or to constrain to an illegal act |
Section 328 | Causing hurt by means of poison, etc. with intent to commit an offence |
Section 329 | Voluntarily causing grievous hurt to extort property, or to constrain to an illegal act |
Section 330 | Voluntarily causing hurt to extort confession, or to compel restoration of property |
Section 331 | Voluntarily causing grievous hurt to extort confession, or to compel restoration of property |
Section 332 | Voluntarily causing hurt to deter public servant from his duty |
Section 333 | Voluntarily causing grievous hurt to deter public servant from his duty |
Section 334 | Voluntarily causing hurt on provocation |
Section 335 | Voluntarily causing grievous hurt on provocation |
Section 336 | Act endangering life or personal safety of others |
Section 337 | Causing hurt by act endangering life or personal safety of others |
Section 338 | Causing grievous hurt by act endangering life or personal safety of others |
Section 339 | Wrongful restraint |
Section 340 | Wrongful confinement |
Section 341 | Punishment for wrongful restraint |
Section 342 | Punishment for wrongful confinement |
Section 343 | Wrongful confinement for three or more days |
Section 344 | Wrongful confinement for ten or more days |
Section 345 | Wrongful confinement of person for whose liberation writ has been issued |
Section 346 | Wrongful confinement in secret |
Section 347 | Wrongful confinement to extort property, or constrain to illegal act |
Section 348 | Wrongful confinement to extort confession, or compel restoration of property |
Section 349 | Force |
Section 350 | Criminal force |
Section 351 | Assault |
Section 352 | Punishment for assault or criminal force otherwise than on grave provocation |
Section 353 | Assault or criminal force to deter public servant from discharge of his duty |
Section 354 | Assault or criminal force to woman with intent to outrage her modesty. |
Section 355 | Assault or criminal force with intent to dishonor person, otherwise than on grave provocation |
Section 356 | Assault or criminal force in attempt to commit theft of property carried by a person |
Section 357 | Assault or criminal force in attempt wrongfully to confine a person |
Section 358 | Assault or criminal force on grave provocation |
Section 359 | Kidnapping |
Section 360 | Kidnapping from India |
Section 361 | Kidnapping from lawful guardianship |
Section 362 | Abduction |
Section 363 | Punishment for kidnapping |
Section 363A | Kidnapping or maiming a minor for purposes of begging |
Section 364 | Kidnapping or abducting in order to murder |
Section 364A | Kidnapping for ransom, etc |
Section 365 | Kidnapping or abducting with intent secretly and wrongfully to confine person |
Section 366 | Kidnapping, abducting or inducing woman to compel her marriage, etc |
Section 366A | Procuration of minor girl |
Section 366B | Importation of girl from foreign country |
Section 367 | Kidnapping or abducting in order to subject person to grievous hurt, slavery, etc |
Section 368 | Wrongfully concealing or keeping in confinement, kidnapped or abducted person |
Section 369 | Kidnapping or abducting child under ten years with intent to steal from its person |
Section 370 | Buying or disposing of any person as a slave |
Section 371 | Habitual dealing in slaves |
Section 372 | Selling minor for purposes of prostitution, etc |
Section 373 | Buying minor for purposes of prostitution, etc |
Section 374 | Unlawful compulsory labor |
Section 375 | Rape |
Section 376 | Punishment for rape |
Section 376A | Intercourse by a man with his wife during separation |
Section 376B | Intercourse by public servant with woman in his custody |
Section 376C | Intercourse by superintendent of jail, remand home, etc |
Section 376D | Intercourse by any member of the management or staff of a hospital with any woman in that hospital |
Section 377 | Unnatural offences |
Chapter XVII | Of Offences Against Property |
Section 378 | Theft |
Section 379 | Punishment for theft |
Section 380 | Theft in dwelling house, etc |
Section 381 | Theft by clerk or servant of property in possession of master |
Section 382 | Theft after preparation made for causing death, hurt or restraint in order to the committing of the theft |
Section 383 | Extortion |
Section 384 | Punishment for extortion |
Section 385 | Putting person in fear of injury in order to commit extortion |
Section 386 | Extortion by putting a person in fear of death or grievous hurt to |
Section 387 | Putting person in fear of death or of grievous hurt, in order to commit extortion |
Section 388 | Extortion by threat of accusation of an offence punishable with death or imprisonment for life, etc |
Section 389 | Putting person in fear of accusation of offence, in order to commit extortion |
Section 390 | Robbery |
Section 391 | Dacoity |
Section 392 | Punishment for robbery |
Section 393 | Attempt to commit robbery |
Section 394 | Voluntarily causing hurt in committing robbery |
Section 395 | Punishment for dacoity |
Section 396 | Dacoity with murder |
Section 397 | Robbery, or dacoity, with attempt to cause death or grievous hurt |
Section 398 | Attempt to commit robbery or dacoity when armed with deadly weapon |
Section 399 | Making preparation to commit dacoity |
Section 400 | Punishment for belonging to gang of dacoits |
Section 401 | Punishment for belonging to gang of thieves |
Section 402 | Assembling for purpose of committing dacoity |
Section 403 | Dishonest misappropriation of property |
Section 404 | Dishonest misappropriation of property possessed by deceased person at the time of his death |
Section 405 | Criminal breach of trust |
Section 406 | Punishment for criminal breach of trust |
Section 407 | Criminal breach of trust by carrier, etc |
Section 408 | Criminal breach of trust by clerk or servant |
Section 409 | Criminal breach of trust by public servant, or by banker, merchant or agent |
Section 410 | Stolen Property |
Section 411 | Dishonestly receiving stolen property |
Section 412 | Dishonestly receiving property stolen in the commission of a dacoity |
Section 413 | Habitually dealing in stolen property |
Section 414 | Assisting in concealment of stolen property |
Section 415 | Cheating |
Section 416 | Cheating by personation |
Section 417 | Punishment for cheating |
Section 418 | Cheating with knowledge that wrongful loss may ensue to person whose interest offender is bound to protect |
Section 419 | Punishment for cheating by personation |
Section 420 | Cheating and dishonestly inducing delivery of property |
Section 421 | Dishonest or fraudulent removal or concealment of property to prevent distribution among creditors |
Section 422 | Dishonestly or fraudulently preventing debt being available for creditors-. |
Section 423 | Dishonest or fraudulent execution of deed of transfer containing false statement of consideration |
Section 424 | Dishonest or fraudulent removal or concealment of property |
Section 425 | Mischief |
Section 426 | Punishment for mischief- |
Section 427 | Mischief causing damage to the amount of fifty rupees |
Section 428 | Mischief by killing or maiming animal of the value of ten rupees. |
Section 429 | Mischief by killing or maiming cattle, etc., of any value or any animal of the value of fifty rupees |
Section 430 | Mischief by injury to works of irrigation or by wrongfully diverting water |
Section 431 | Mischief by injury to public road, bridge, river or channel |
Section 432 | Mischief by causing inundation or obstruction to public drainage attended with damage |
Section 433 | Mischief by destroying, moving or rendering less useful a light-house or sea-mark |
Section 434 | Mischief by destroying or moving, etc., a land-mark fixed by public Authority |
Section 435 | Mischief by fire or explosive substance with intent to cause damage to amount of one hundred or (in case of agricultural produce) ten rupees |
Section 436 | Mischief by fire or explosive substance with intent to destroy house, etc |
Section 437 | Mischief with intent to destroy or make unsafe a decked vessel or one of twenty tons burden |
Section 438 | Punishment for the mischief described in section 437 committed by fire or explosive substance |
Section 439 | Punishment for intentionally running vessel aground or ashore with intent to commit theft, etc |
Section 440 | Mischief committed after preparation made for causing death or hurt |
Section 441 | Criminal trespass |
Section 442 | House trespass |
Section 443 | Lurking house-trespass |
Section 444 | Lurking house-trespass by night |
Section 445 | House breaking |
Section 446 | House-breaking by night |
Section 447 | Punishment for criminal trespass |
Section 448 | Punishment for house-trespass |
Section 449 | House-trespass in order to commit offence punishable with death |
Section 450 | House-trespass in order to commit offence punishable with imprisonment for life |
Section 451 | House-trespass in order to commit offence punishable with imprisonment |
Section 452 | House-trespass after preparation for hurt, assault or wrongful restraint |
Section 453 | Punishment for lurking house-trespass or house-breaking |
Section 454 | Lurking house-trespass or house-breaking in order to commit offence punishable with imprisonment |
Section 455 | Lurking house-trespass or house-breaking after preparation for hurt, assault or wrongful restraint |
Section 456 | Punishment for lurking house-trespass or house-breaking by night |
Section 457 | Lurking house-trespass or house-breaking by night in order to commit offence punishable with imprisonment |
Section 458 | Lurking house-trespass or house-breaking by night after preparation for hurt, assault, or wrongful restraint |
Section 459 | Grievous hurt caused whilst committing lurking house trespass or housebreaking |
Section 460 | All persons jointly concerned in lurking house-trespass or house-breaking by night punishable where death or grievous hurt caused by one of them |
Section 461 | Dishonestly breaking open receptacle containing property |
Section 462 | Punishment for same offence when committed by person entrusted with custody |
Chapter XVIII | Of Offences Relating To Documents And To 173[***] Property Marks |
Section 463 | Forgery |
Section 464 | Making a false document |
Section 465 | Punishment for forgery |
Section 466 | Forgery of record of court or of public register, etc |
Section 467 | Forgery of valuable security, will, etc |
Section 468 | Forgery for purpose of cheating |
Section 469 | Forgery for purpose of harming reputation |
Section 470 | Forged document |
Section 471 | Using as genuine a forged document |
Section 472 | Making or possessing counterfeit seal, etc., with intent to commit forgery punishable under section 467 |
Section 473 | Making or possessing counterfeit seal, etc., with intent to commit forgery punishable otherwise |
Section 474 | Having possession of document described in section 466 or 467, knowing it to be forged and intending to use it as genuine |
Section 475 | Counterfeiting device or mark used for authenticating documents described in section 467, or possessing counterfeit marked material |
Section 476 | Counterfeiting device or mark used for authenticating documents other than those described in section 467, or possessing counterfeit marked material |
Section 477 | Fraudulent cancellation, destruction, etc., of will, authority to adopt, or valuable security |
Section 477A | Falsification of accounts |
Section 478 | [Trade marks Repealed by the Trade and Merchandise Marks Act, 1958, w.e.f. 25th. November, 1959] |
Section 479 | Property mark |
Section 480 | Using a false trade mark: Repealed by the Trade and Merchandise Marks Act, 1958, w.e.f. 25th. November, 1959 |
Section 481 | Using a false property mark |
Section 482 | Punishment for using a false property mark |
Section 483 | Counterfeiting a property mark used by another |
Section 484 | Counterfeiting a mark used by a public servant |
Section 485 | Making or possession of any instrument for counterfeiting a property mark |
Section 486 | Selling goods marked with a counterfeit property mark |
Section 487 | Making a false mark upon any receptacle containing goods |
Section 488 | Punishment for making use of any such false mark |
Section 489 | Tampering with property mark with intent to cause injury |
Section 489A | Counterfeiting currency-notes or bank-notes |
Section 489B | Using as genuine, forged or counterfeit currency-notes or bank- notes |
Section 489C | Possession of forged or counterfeit currency-notes or bank-notes |
Section 489D | Making or possessing instruments or materials for forging or counterfeiting currency-notes or bank-notes |
Section 489E | Making or using documents resembling currency-notes or bank-notes |
Chapter XIX | Of The Criminal Breach Of Contracts Of Service |
Section 490 | [Breach of contract of service during voyage or journey: Repealed by the Workmen’s Breach of Contract (Repealing) Act, 1925] |
Section 491 | Breach of contract to attend on and supply wants of helpless person |
Section 492 | [Breach of contract to serve at distant place to which servant is conveyed at master’s expense: Repealed by the Workmen’s Breach of Contract (Repealing) Act, 1925 (3 of 1925)] |
Chapter XX | Of Offences Relating To Marriage |
Section 493 | Cohabitation caused by a man deceitfully inducing a belief of lawful marriage |
Section 494 | Marrying again during lifetime of husband or wife |
Section 495 | Same offence with concealment of former marriage from person with whom subsequent marriage is contracted |
Section 496 | Marriage ceremony fraudulently gone through without lawful marriage |
Section 497 | Adultery |
Section 498 | Enticing or taking away or detaining with criminal intent a married woman |
Chapter XXA | Of Cruelty By Husband Or Relatives Of Husband |
Section 498A | Husband or relative of husband of a woman subjecting her to cruelty |
Chapter XXI | Of Defamation |
Section 499 | Defamation |
Section 500 | Punishment for defamation |
Section 501 | Printing or engraving matter known to be defamatory |
Section 502s | Sale of printed or engraved substance containing defamatory matter |
Chapter XXII | Of Criminal Intimidation, Insult And Annoyance |
Section 503 | Criminal intimidation |
Section 504 | Intentional insult with intent to provoke breach of the peace |
Section 505 | Statements conducting to public mischief. |
Section 506 | Punishment for criminal intimidation |
Section 507 | Criminal intimidation by an anonymous communication |
Section 508 | Act caused by inducing person to believe that he will be rendered an object of the Divine displeasure |
Section 509 | Word, gesture or act intended to insult the modesty of a woman |
Section 510 | Misconduct in public by a drunken person |
Chapter XXIII | Of Attempts To Commit Offences |
Section 511 | Punishment for attempting to commit offences punishable with imprisonment for life or other imprisonment |
Our associate lawyers in section 498a law
- Aarav Deshpande
- Anjali Iyer
- Rajesh Sharma
- Nisha Singh
- Arjun Gupta
- Kavya Nair
- Ravi Verma
- Sanjana Patel
- Rohan Menon
- Pooja Chakraborty
- Aadhya Chakraborty
- Aaradhya Nair
- Aarti Menon
- Aashna Saha
- Aditya Iyer
- Advaita Roy
- Agastya Mukherjee
- Ahan Sengupta
- Aisha Reddy
- Akanksha Patel
- Akshara Khanna
- Akshay Rao
- Alankrita Chaudhary
- Alekhya Sharma
- Amanpreet Singh
- Ameya Shah
- Amish Agarwal
- Amiya Bose
- Amrita Raut
- Anahita Joshi
- Anand Venkataraman
- Ananya Pillai
- Aniket Banerjee
- Anil Kumar Mishra
- Aniruddh Nair
- Anishka Desai
- Anjali Bhatnagar
- Anjana Menon
- Ankita Dubey
- Anmol Kapoor
- Ansh Jain
- Anshika Sinha
- Antara Chatterjee
- Anuja Kulkarni
- Anushka Bajaj
- Aparajita Gupta
- Apoorva Sharma
- Aravindan Nambiar
- Arhan Vaidya
- Arjun Chauhan
- Arnav Choudhary
- Arnika Mehta
- Arohi Bhatt
- Arpita Tiwari
- Arshdeep Singh
- Arundhati Iyer
- Aryaman Chakraborty
- Asha Nair
- Asher Desai
- Ashima Kaur
- Ashish Jha
- Ashok Sharma
- Ashwini Menon
- Atharva Pandey
- Avani Nair
- Avantika Sengupta
- Ayush Das
- Bani Gupta
- Bhagat Singhania
- Bhargavi Patel
- Bhavana Iyer
- Bhavya Menon
- Chaitanya Rana
- Chhavi Arora
- Chiranjeevi Venkatesh
- Deeksha Gupta
- Devika Nambiar
- Devansh Shah
- Dhanush Nair
- Dhruti Deshpande
- Dhruv Singh
- Diksha Mehta
- Divit Shah
- Divya Srinivasan
- Drishti Patel
- Ekansh Agarwal
- Eshaan Verma
- Fiza Siddiqui
- Gaurav Reddy
- Gayatri Menon
- Geetika Khanna
- Harini Iyengar
- Harsh Desai
- Hiral Shah
- Ira Chakraborty
- Ishanvi Goyal
- Ishika Sharma
- Jaideep Singh
- Jhanvi Chawla
- Jigyasa Singh
- Jinal Patel
- Jivika Gupta
- Jyoti Bhatt
- Kajol Singhania
- Kalyani Patel